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Urology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the surgical and medical diseases of the male and female urinary tract system and the male reproductive organs. Urologic Oncology, a subspecialty, concerns the surgical treatment of cancer, including: the kidneys, urinary bladder, prostate, adrenal glands, ureters, testicles and penis.
Kidney cancer is any type of cancer that formed within the kidney. Kidney cancer does not usually include a cancer that grew outside the kidney and metastasized to include metastatic cancer of the kidney.
Although the exact cause of kidney cancer is not known, certain factors tend to increase the risk of getting kidney cancer, such as age. Adults, ages of 50 and 80 years are more likely to develop kidney cancer compared to other people. This type of cancer affects men more than women.
Having these symptoms does not mean you have kidney cancer. Infections, cysts, or other conditions also can cause similar symptoms. If you do have one or more of these symptoms, you should see a physician so the problem can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
Although kidney cancer is treated primarily through surgery, surgical techniques over the last 20 years have improved significantly, leading to better patient outcomes.
Before the mid to late 1990s, the care standard for most patients with kidney cancer was the removal of the entire kidney (radical nephrectomy) through a large incision. Today, CHI Health urologists perform hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy. This minimally invasive surgical technique enables removal of only the portion of the kidney with the tumor (partial nephrectomy), in many cases. This newer approach achieves outcomes similar to those obtained with radical nephrectomy, while sparing the kidney and as much kidney function as possible.
A laparoscope, (long slender device with a tiny video camera attached), and a surgical instrument are inserted through two small "keyhole" incisions and the surgeon's hand through a small incision to remove the kidney. The hand-assisted approach is offered for kidney tumors 3 to 10 centimeters in diameter. The result of using this technique is less pain, less time in the hospital, reduced chance of infection, and a faster return to daily activities.
Percutaneous CT-Guided Cryoablation is a newer form of minimally-invasive, kidney-sparing treatment for smaller tumors. The term, “percutaneous” means “through the skin”. Cryoablation uses extreme cold (cryo) to destroy cancerous tissue (ablation). Using a CT scanner to get an optimal view of the area to be treated, the urologist works with an interventional radiologist to precisely place the cryoablation probes directly through the skin and into the kidney cancer. Extreme cold is applied, which ablates the cancerous tissue. Not all cancers can be treated using this approach, however. Kidney cancers that are located too close to other body structures such as the bowel or ureters cannot be treated with percutaneous cryoablation as these other structures can be damaged by extreme cold.
